大铜锅 这里过去有三口大锅,一口锅是熬粥用的,一口是蒸馒头用的,一口是炒菜用的。现在看到这口锅就是用来炒菜的,另外两口锅今已不存,这口炒菜的锅直径一米八五,深一米一。熬粥的锅最大,它的直径三米五,要刷锅要搬梯子下去,据说熬一锅粥要用三百六十斤小米,八百担干柴,要熬十六小时才行。这个锅有两个特点,第一个是“漏沙不漏米”,有人问这沙子都漏下去了,米为什么漏不下去,因锅底有一个小锅,直径有五十公分,深三十公分,等到锅里的水一开,米粒就往上浮,沙子就沉到小锅里了,所以喝粥不用担心。第二是“增僧不增米”。在京西地区有一句民间谚语,“潭柘寺的粥锅,加水不加米”,这是因为这口锅实在太大了,即使是来上几十个到此挂单的云游僧人,潭柘寺也无需再另做饭,只需往粥里加些水就行了,粥也一点都不显得稀。
我们看大铜锅的灶坑有一丈多深,烧火的和尚要通过台阶上下灶坑。在灶眼的上方,镶嵌着一块汉白玉石匾额,上刻“潭柘寺”三个大字。当年寺内的老方丈快怕寺院遭受火灾,因而刻了这块石匾,镶嵌在灶口的上方,每日里被火焚烧,据说这样就可以使寺院免于火灾,同时也是时时刻刻提醒烧火的僧人,小心用火,防止火灾。接下来我们来介绍天王殿。
The Big Bronze Pot
In the past, there were three big pots in the temple. Among them, one pot was for gruel cooking, one was used to steam bread, the last one was used to stir-fry dishes. The pot you have seen here was for stir-frying dishes, the other pots were gone in history. The pot for stir-frying dishes is 1.85 meter in diameter and 1.1 meter in depth. In three pots, the gruel pot is the largest one with 3.5meters in diameter. It was said that monk cook had to have a ladder down to clean pot. It took sixteen hours to make gruel with 180 kg millet and 800 loads of dry wood for fire. The pot has two peculiarities. One is that the pot can leak the sands out but not millets. Why millets could be kept in pot while sands could be leaked out? The reason is that there was a little bowel with half meter in diameter and 0.3 meter in depth on the bottom of pot. Once the water in pot was boiling, the millets would go upside and the sands would go down into the bowel, so didn’t worry about sands when you take the gruel. The second is that the millets was not necessary being added when there were guest monks for gruel added. There is a popular saying in Beijing’s western area: The gruel pot in Tanzhe Temple, water but not millets was necessary added. Reason is because the pot were so big that if more than dozens of guest monks came, cooks didn’t need to prepare additional meals but to add some water in gruel, and the gruel wouldn’t look like to be thin. The bronze pot we have seen had a pit more than three meters deep, the monk for fire had to went down to the pit by a flight of steps. There is a white marble board carve three characters of Tan Zhe Si up the pit. It was said that an old abbot was worried about that there would be a fire disaster in the temple, so ordered the board hung up on it and let it being burned everyday for luck. It was said that the Abbot’s idea could have the temple away from fire disasters, and constantly remind cooks of danger of fire.
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